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The American
Empire Project
Americans have long
believed that the very notion of empire is an offense against our
democratic heritage, yet in recent months, these two words --
American empire -- have been on everyone's lips. At this moment of
unprecedented economic and military strength, the leaders of the
United States have embraced imperial ambitions openly. How did we
get to this point? And what lies down the road?
Read more>>
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The Books
Imperial Ambitions
Conversations on the Post-9/11 World
by Noam Chomsky
Now available!
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Empire's Workshop
Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism
by Greg GrandinNow available!
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A Question of Torture
CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror
by Alfred McCoyNow available!
Alfred McCoy on How Not to Ban Torture in Congress
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Blood
and Oil
The Dangers and
Consequences of America's Growing Petroleum Dependency
by Michael T. Klare
Now available in paperback, including a new afterword! |
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visit tomdispatch.com |
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| New from The American Empire Project |
Now Available in Paperback!
The Limits of Power
by Andrew J. Bacevich
“Andrew Bacevich speaks truth to power, no matter who’s in power, which may be why those of both the left and right listen to him.”—Bill Moyers
An immediate New York Times bestseller, The Limits of Power offers an unparalleled examination of the profound triple crisis facing America: an economy in disarray that can no longer be fixed by relying on expansion abroad; a government transformed by an imperial presidency into a democracy in name only; and an engagement in endless wars that has severely undermined the body politic.
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Touring Empire's Ruins
From Detroit to the Amazon
By Greg Grandin
The empire ends with a pull out. Not, as many supposed a few years ago,
from Iraq. There, as well as in Afghanistan, we are mulishly staying
the course, come what may, trapped in the biggest of all the
"too-big-to-fail" boondoggles. But from Detroit.
Of course, the real evacuation of the Motor City began decades ago,
when Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler started to move more and more
of their operations out of the downtown area to harder to unionize
rural areas and suburbs, and, finally, overseas. Even as the economy
boomed in the 1950s and 1960s, 50 Detroit residents were already
packing up and leaving their city every day. By the time the Berlin
Wall fell in 1989, Detroit could count tens of thousands of empty lots
and over 15,000 abandoned homes. Stunning Beaux Arts and modernist
buildings were left deserted to return to nature, their floors and roofs covered by switchgrass. They now serve as little more than ornate bird houses.
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Where Are They Now?
Ex-Bush Loyalists Cash In
By Nick Turse
In May, the U.S. economy lost
345,000 nonfarm jobs, pushing the unemployment rate from 8.9% to 9.4%.
According to official statistics, 14.5 million Americans are now
looking for work and, as a recent headline
at Time.com put it, "The jobs aren't coming back anytime soon." In
fact, a team of economists at the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank
recently reported
that "the level of labor market slack could be higher by the end of
2009 than at any other time in the post-World War Two period."
The news, however, is not altogether grim. While times are
especially tough for teenagers (22.7% jobless rate) and blacks (14.9%
jobless rate), one group is doing remarkably well. I'm talking about
former members of the Bush administration who are taking up prestigious
academic posts, inking lucrative book deals, signing up with speakers
bureaus, joining big-time law firms and top public relations agencies,
and grabbing spots on corporate boards of directors. While their
high-priced wars, ruinous economic policies, and shredding of economic
safety nets have proved disastrous for so many, for them the economic
outlook remains bright and jobs are seemingly plentiful. In fact, many
of them have performed the eye-opening feat of securing two or more
potentially lucrative revenue streams at once during these tough
financial times.
While it would likely take a small book to catalogue the fates of all former "loyal Bushies," a look at just a few of these fortunate folks indicates that not everybody was harmed by the Bush era.
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Obama Looses the Manhunters
Charisma and the Imperial Presidency
By Tom Engelhardt
Let's face it, even Bo is photogenic, charismatic. He's a camera hound. And as for Barack, Michelle, Sasha, and Malia -- keep in mind that we're now in a first name culture -- they all glow on screen.
Before a camera they can do no wrong. And the president himself, well, if you didn't watch his speech in Cairo, you should have. The guy's impressive. Truly. He can speak to multiple audiences -- Arabs, Jews, Muslims,
Christians, as well as a staggering range of Americans -- and somehow
just about everyone comes away hearing something they like, feeling
he's somehow on their side. And it doesn't even feel like pandering. It feels like thoughtfulness. It feels like intelligence.
For all I know -- and the test of this is still a long, treacherous way
off -- Barack Obama may turn out to be the best pure politician we've
seen since at least Ronald Reagan, if not Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He
seems to have Roosevelt's same unreadable ability to listen and make
you believe he's with you (no matter what he's actually going to do),
which is a skill not to be whistled at.
It's Official -- The Era of Cheap Oil Is Over
Energy Department Changes Tune on Peak Oil
By Michael T. Klare
Every summer, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy issues its International Energy Outlook
(IEO) -- a jam-packed compendium of data and analysis on the evolving
world energy equation. For those with the background to interpret its
key statistical findings, the release of the IEO can provide a unique
opportunity to gauge important shifts in global energy trends, much as
reports of routine Communist Party functions in the party journal Pravda once provided America's Kremlin watchers with insights into changes in the Soviet Union's top leadership circle.
As it happens, the recent release of the 2009 IEO has provided energy
watchers with a feast of significant revelations. By far the most
significant disclosure: the IEO predicts a sharp drop in projected
future world oil output (compared to previous expectations) and a
corresponding increase in reliance on what are called "unconventional
fuels" -- oil sands, ultra-deep oil, shale oil, and biofuels.
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Confronting the CIA's Mind Maze
America's Political Paralysis Over Torture
By Alfred W. McCoy
If, like me, you've been following America's torture policies not just
for the last few years, but for decades, you can't help but experience
that eerie feeling of déjà vu
these days. With the departure of George W. Bush and Dick Cheney from
Washington and the arrival of Barack Obama, it may just be back to the
future when it comes to torture policy, a turn away from a dark,
do-it-yourself ethos and a return to the outsourcing of torture that
went on, with the support of both Democrats and Republicans, in the
Cold War years.
Like Chile after the regime of General Augusto Pinochet or the
Philippines after the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, Washington
after Bush is now trapped in the painful politics of impunity. Unlike
anything our allies have experienced, however, for Washington, and so
for the rest of us, this may prove a political crisis without end or
exit.
Despite dozens of official inquiries in the five years since the Abu Ghraib photos
first exposed our abuse of Iraqi detainees, the torture scandal
continues to spread like a virus, infecting all who touch it, including
now Obama himself. By embracing a specific methodology of torture,
covertly developed by the CIA over decades using countless millions of
taxpayer dollars and graphically revealed in those Iraqi prison photos,
we have condemned ourselves to retreat from whatever promises might be
made to end this sort of abuse and are instead already returning to a
bipartisan consensus that made torture America's secret weapon
throughout the Cold War.
Econocide
Body Count 3
By Nick Turse
After David B. Kellermann, the chief financial officer of beleaguered
mortgage giant Freddie Mac, tied a noose and hanged himself in the
basement of his Vienna, Virginia, home, the New York Times made it a front-page story. The stresses of the job in economic tough times, its reporters implied, had driven him to this extreme act.
"Binghamton Shooter" Jiverly Wong also garnered front-page headlines nationwide and set off a cable news frenzy when, "bitter over job loss," he massacred 13 people at an immigration center in upstate New York. Similarly, coverage
was brisk after Pittsburgh resident Richard Poplawski, "upset about
recently losing a job," shot four local police officers, killing three
of them.
But where was the front-page treatment when, in January, Betty Lipply,
a 72-year-old resident of East Palestine, Ohio, "who feared she'd lose
her home to foreclosure hanged herself to death" shortly after
"receiving her second summons and foreclosure complaint from her
mortgage lender"? And where was the up-to-the-minute cable news
reporting on the two California dairy farmers who "killed themselves... out of despair over finances, according to associates"?
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Missing Word, Missing World
Graduating the Rest of Us, ‘09
By Tom Engelhardt
Graduates of the Bush years, initiates of the Obama era, if you think
of a commencement address as a kind of sermon, then every sermon needs
its text. Here's the one I've chosen for today, suitably obscure and
yet somehow ringing:
"The idea that somehow counterterrorism is a homeland
security issue doesn't make sense when you recognize the fact that
terror around the world doesn't recognize borders. There is no
right-hand, left-hand anymore."
That's taken directly from the new national security bible of Obama
National Security Advisor (and ex-Marine General) James Jones. He said
it last week at a press briefing. The occasion
was the integration of a Bush-era creation, the Homeland Security
Council -- which, if you're like me, you had never heard of until it
lost its independence -- into the National Security Council, which
Jones runs, a move that probably represents yet another consolidation
of power inside a historically ever more imperial White House.
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Why We Can't See the Trees or the Forest
The Torture Memos and Historical Amnesia
By Noam Chomsky
The torture memos released by the White House elicited shock,
indignation, and surprise. The shock and indignation are
understandable. The surprise, less so.
For one thing, even without inquiry, it was reasonable to suppose
that Guantanamo was a torture chamber. Why else send prisoners where
they would be beyond the reach of the law -- a place, incidentally,
that Washington is using in violation of a treaty forced on Cuba at the
point of a gun? Security reasons were, of course, alleged, but they
remain hard to take seriously. The same expectations held for the Bush
administration's "black sites," or secret prisons, and for extraordinary rendition, and they were fulfilled.
More importantly, torture has been routinely practiced from the early
days of the conquest of the national territory, and continued to be
used as the imperial ventures of the "infant empire" -- as George
Washington called the new republic -- extended to the Philippines,
Haiti, and elsewhere. Keep in mind as well that torture was the least
of the many crimes of aggression, terror, subversion, and economic
strangulation that have darkened U.S. history, much as in the case of
other great powers.
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Farewell, the American Century
Rewriting the Past by Adding In What's Been Left Out
By Andrew J. Bacevich
In a recent column, the Washington Post's Richard Cohen
wrote, "What Henry Luce called 'the American Century' is over." Cohen
is right. All that remains is to drive a stake through the heart of
Luce's pernicious creation, lest it come back to life. This promises to
take some doing.
When the Time-Life publisher coined his famous phrase, his
intent was to prod his fellow citizens into action. Appearing in the
February 7, 1941 issue of Life, his essay, "The American
Century," hit the newsstands at a moment when the world was in the
throes of a vast crisis. A war in Europe had gone disastrously awry. A
second almost equally dangerous conflict was unfolding in the Far East.
Aggressors were on the march.
With the fate of democracy hanging in the balance, Americans diddled.
Luce urged them to get off the dime. More than that, he summoned them
to "accept wholeheartedly our duty and our opportunity as the most
powerful and vital nation in the world... to exert upon the world the
full impact of our influence, for such purposes as we see fit and by
such means as we see fit."
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Killing Civilians
How Safe Do You Actually Want to Be?
By Tom Engelhardt
Almost like clockwork, the reports float up to us from thousands of
miles away, as if from another universe. Every couple of days they seem
to arrive from Afghan villages that few Americans will ever see without
weapon in hand. Every few days, they appear from a world almost beyond
our imagining, and always they concern death -- so many lives snuffed
out so regularly for more than seven years now. Unfortunately, those
news stories are so unimportant in our world that they seldom make it
onto, no less off of, the inside pages of our papers. They're so
repetitive that, once you've started reading them, you could write them
in your sleep from thousands of miles away.
Like obituaries, they follow a simple pattern. Often the news initially
arrives buried in summary war reports based on U.S. military (or NATO)
announcements of small triumphs -- so many "insurgents," or
"terrorists," or "foreign militants," or "anti-Afghan forces" killed in
an air strike or a raid on a house or a village. And these days, often
remarkably quickly, even in the same piece, come the challenges. Some
local official or provincial governor or police chief in the area hit
insists that those dead "terrorists" or "militants" were actually so
many women, children, old men, innocent civilians, members of a wedding party or a funeral.
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Terminator Planet
Launching the Drone Wars
By Tom Engelhardt
In 1984, Skynet, the supercomputer that rules a future Earth, sent a cyborg assassin, a "terminator," back to our time. His job was to liquidate the woman who would give birth to John Connor, the leader of the underground human resistance of Skynet's time. You with me so far? That, of course, was the plot of the first Terminator movie and for the multi-millions who saw it, the images of future machine war -- of hunter-killer drones flying above a wasted landscape -- are unforgettable. Since then, as Hollywood's special effects took off, there were two sequels during which the original terminator somehow morphed into a friendlier figure on screen, and even more miraculously, off-screen, into the humanoid governor of California. Now, the fourth film in the series, Terminator Salvation, is about to descend on us. It will hit our multiplexes this May.
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Global Crime Wave?
A Syndrome of Crime, Violence, and Repression on the Way
By Michael T. Klare
In all catastrophes, there are always winners among the host of losers
and victims. Bad times, like good ones, generate profits for someone.
In the case of the present global economic meltdown, with our world at
the brink and up to 50 million people
potentially losing their jobs by the end of this year, one winner is
likely to be criminal activity and crime syndicates. From Mexico to
Africa, Russia to China, the pool of the desperate and the bribable is
expanding exponentially, pointing to a sharp upturn in global crime. As
illicit profits rise, so will violence in the turf wars among competing
crime syndicates and in the desperate efforts by panicked governments
to put a clamp on criminal activity.
Take Mexico, just now in the headlines. In late March, during her
first trip there as Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton was repeatedly
asked about the burst of narcotics-related violence in that country,
the thousands of deaths that have gone with it, the patent inability of
the Mexican military to contain, no less repress, the drug trade, and
the possibility that the country might be at risk of becoming a "failed
state." Mexico itself may not be in danger of collapse, she replied
diplomatically, but a very real danger threatens both countries from a
rise in violent crime along the U.S.-Mexican border. "The criminals and
kingpins spreading violence are trying to corrode the foundations of
law, order, friendship, and trust between us," she declared at a press
conference in Mexico City. To counter this danger, the secretary of
state promised a militarized response that reflected the level of
danger she imagined -- a significant increase in U.S. anti-narcotics
assistance, including the expedited delivery of Black Hawk helicopters.
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The Great Afghan Bailout
It's Time to Change Names, Switch Analogies
By Tom Engelhardt
Let's start by stopping.
It's time, as a start, to stop calling our expanding war in Central and
South Asia "the Afghan War" or "the Afghanistan War." If Obama's
special representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke
doesn't want to, why should we? Recently, in a BBC interview,
he insisted that "the 'number one problem' in stabilizing Afghanistan
was Taliban sanctuaries in western Pakistan, including tribal areas
along the Afghan border and cities like Quetta" in the Pakistani
province of Baluchistan.
And isn't he right? After all, the U.S. seems to be in the process of trading in
a limited war in a mountainous, poverty-stricken country of 27 million
people for one in an advanced nation of 167 million, with a crumbling
economy, rising extremism, advancing corruption, and a large military
armed with nuclear weapons. Worse yet, the war in Pakistan seems to be
expanding inexorably (and in tandem with American war planning) from the tribal borderlands ever closer to the heart of the country.
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Is the Israel Lobby Running Scared?
Or Killing a Chicken to Scare the Monkeys
By Robert Dreyfuss
Is the Israel lobby in Washington an all-powerful force? Or is it, perhaps, running scared?
Judging by the outcome of the Charles W. ("Chas") Freeman affair this
week, it might seem as if the Israeli lobby is fearsome indeed. Seen
more broadly, however, the controversy over Freeman could be the Israel
lobby's Waterloo.
Let's recap. On February 19th, Laura Rozen reported
at ForeignPolicy.com that Freeman had been selected by Admiral Dennis
Blair, the director of national intelligence, to serve in a key post as
chairman of the National Intelligence Council (NIC). The NIC, the
official in-house think tank of the intelligence community, takes input
from 16 intelligence agencies and produces what are called "national
intelligence estimates" on crucial topics of the day as guidance for
Washington policymakers. For that job, Freeman boasted a stellar
resumé: fluent in Mandarin Chinese, widely experienced in Latin
America, Asia, and Africa, a former U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia
during the first Gulf War, and an ex-assistant secretary of defense
during the Reagan administration.
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A Falcon of Peace
Who Wants to Be a Dove? (They Always Lose.)
By Tom Engelhardt
How come they get to be the hawks? And we get to be the doves? A hawk is a noble bird. A dove. Well, basically it's a pigeon. The sort of bird that, in New York City anyway, messes your building's window sills, is always underfoot, and, along with the city's rats, makes a hearty lunch for the red-tailed hawks which now populate our parks. Even a turkey would be less of a turkey than a dove. We get to carry that olive twig -- okay, they call it a "branch" -- around in our beaks, but you can bet your bippy that they get the olives, or, more likely, the opportunity to trample the olive groves into oil. They get to swoop and prey. We get to pace the sidelines, cooing our complaints. Their ideas -- it never matters how visibly dumb they are -- get tried. Ours never do. And when theirs fail miserably, they get to recalibrate and try again. We never get to try once.
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Breaking the Banks
The Struggle to Feed America's Nouveau Needy
By Nick Turse
The message is simple. Ever more Americans need food they can't afford.
As tough economic times take their toll, increasing numbers of
Americans are on tightened budgets and, in some cases, facing outright
hunger. As a result, they may be learning a lot more about food banks
and soup kitchens than most of them ever wanted to know.
In recent interviews with TomDispatch.com, representatives from food
banks -- the non-profit organizations that distribute groceries to
those in need via food pantries, shelters, and soup kitchens --
expressed alarm at the recent surge in need all across the country. At
the same time, most stated that, however counterintuitive it might
seem, financial contributions to their organizations are actually on
the rise. So, too, are food prices, however -- and donations,
unfortunately, are not keeping up with demand.
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The Imperial Unconscious
Afghan Faces, Predators, Reapers, Terrorist Stars, Roman Conquerors, Imperial Graveyards, and Other Oddities of the Truncated American Century
By Tom Engelhardt
Sometimes, it's the everyday things, the ones that fly below the radar, that matter.
Here, according to Bloomberg News, is part of Secretary of Defense Robert Gates's recent testimony on the Afghan War before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee:
"U.S. goals in Afghanistan must be 'modest, realistic,' and 'above all, there must be an Afghan face on this war,'
Gates said. 'The Afghan people must believe this is their war and we
are there to help them. If they think we are there for our own
purposes, then we will go the way of every other foreign army that has
been in Afghanistan.'"
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A Planet at the Brink
Will Economic Brushfires Prove Too Virulent to Contain?
By Michael T. Klare
The global economic meltdown has already caused bank failures,
bankruptcies, plant closings, and foreclosures and will, in the coming
year, leave many tens of millions
unemployed across the planet. But another perilous consequence of the
crash of 2008 has only recently made its appearance: increased civil
unrest and ethnic strife. Someday, perhaps, war may follow.
As people lose confidence in the ability of markets and governments to
solve the global crisis, they are likely to erupt into violent protests
or to assault others they deem responsible for their plight, including
government officials, plant managers, landlords, immigrants, and ethnic
minorities. (The list could, in the future, prove long and unnerving.)
If the present economic disaster turns into what President Obama has referred to as a "lost decade," the result could be a global landscape filled with economically-fueled upheavals.
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Burning Questions
What Does Economic "Recovery" Mean on an Extreme Weather Planet?
By Tom Engelhardt
It turns out that you don't want to be a former city dweller
in rural parts of southernmost Australia, a stalk of wheat in China or
Iraq, a soybean in Argentina, an almond or grape in northern
California, a cow in Texas, or almost anything in parts of east Africa
right now. Let me explain.
As anyone who has turned on the prime-time TV news these last weeks
knows, southeastern Australia has been burning up. It's already dry
climate has been growing ever hotter. "The great drying," Australian
environmental scientist Tim Flannery calls it. At its epicenter,
Melbourne recorded its hottest day ever
this month at a sweltering 115.5 degrees, while temperatures soared
even higher in the surrounding countryside. After more than a decade of
drought, followed by the lowest rainfall on record, the eucalyptus
forests are now burning. To be exact, they are now pouring vast quantities of stored carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas considered largely responsible for global warming, into the atmosphere.
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The "Best Men" Fall
How Popular Anger Grew, 1929 and 2009
By Steve Fraser
Obtuse hardly does justice to the social stupidity of our late,
unlamented financial overlords. John Thain of Merrill Lynch and Richard Fuld
of Lehman Brothers, along with an astonishing number of their
fraternity brothers, continue to behave like so many intoxicated
toreadors waving their capes at an enraged bull, oblivious even when
gored.
Their greed and self-indulgence in the face of an economic cataclysm
for which they bear heavy responsibility is, unsurprisingly, inciting
anger and contempt, as daily news headlines indicate. It is undermining
the last shreds of their once exalted social status -- and, in that
regard, they are evidently fated to relive the experience of their
predecessors, those Wall Street "lords of creation" who came crashing
to Earth during the last Great Depression.
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Whistling Past the Afghan Graveyard
Where Empires Go to Die
By Tom Engelhardt
It is now a commonplace -- as a lead article in the New York Times's Week in Review pointed out recently -- that Afghanistan is "the graveyard of empires." Given Barack Obama's call
for a greater focus on the Afghan War ("we took our eye off the ball
when we invaded Iraq..."), and given indications that a "surge" of U.S.
troops is about to get underway there, Afghanistan's dangers have been
much in the news lately. Some of the writing on this subject, including
recent essays by Juan Cole at Salon.com, Robert Dreyfuss at the Nation, and John Robertson at the War in Context
website, has been incisive on just how the new administration's policy
initiatives might transform Afghanistan and the increasingly unhinged
Pakistani tribal borderlands into "Obama's War."
In other words, "the graveyard" has been getting its due. Far less
attention has been paid to the "empire" part of the equation. And
there's a good reason for that -- at least in Washington. Despite escalating worries
about the deteriorating situation, no one in our nation's capital is
ready to believe that Afghanistan could actually be the "graveyard" for
the American role as the dominant hegemon on this planet.
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The Looming Crisis at the Pentagon
How Taxpayers Finance Fantasy Wars
By Chalmers Johnson
Like much of the rest of the world, Americans know that the U.S.
automotive industry is in the grips of what may be a fatal decline.
Unless it receives emergency financing and
undergoes significant reform, it is undoubtedly headed for the
graveyard in which many American industries are already buried,
including those that made televisions and other consumer electronics,
many types of scientific and medical equipment, machine tools,
textiles, and much earth-moving equipment -- and that's to name only
the most obvious candidates. They all lost their competitiveness to
newly emerging economies that were able to outpace them in innovative
design, price, quality, service, and fuel economy, among other things.
A similar, if far less well known, crisis exists when it comes to
the military-industrial complex. That crisis has its roots in the
corrupt and deceitful practices that have long characterized the high
command of the Armed Forces, civilian executives of the armaments
industries, and Congressional opportunists and criminals looking for
pork-barrel projects, defense installations for their districts, or
even bribes for votes.
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